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- $Unique_ID{BRK03424}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{ACTH Deficiency}
- $Subject{ACTH Deficiency Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Deficiency, Isolated
- Addison's Disease Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital Adrenal Insufficiency,
- Secondary}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 483:
- ACTH Deficiency
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (ACTH Deficiency) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Deficiency, Isolated
-
- Information on the following disorders may be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Addison's Disease
- Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital
- Adrenal Insufficiency, Secondary
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- ACTH Deficiency is characterized by adrenal insufficiency symptoms such
- as weight loss, lack of appetite (anorexia), weakness, nausea, vomiting, and
- low blood pressure (hypotension). The pituitary hormone called
- "adrenocorticotropic hormone" (ACTH) is decreased or absent, and other
- cortisol and other steroid hormone levels in the blood are abnormally low.
-
- Symptoms
-
- ACTH Deficiency is a very rare disorder that usually starts during adulthood,
- although a few cases have begun during childhood. Symptoms include weight
- loss, lack of appetite (anorexia), muscle weakness, nausea and vomiting, and
- low blood pressure (hypotension). Low blood levels of sugar and sodium and
- high potassium levels (hypoglycemia, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia) usually
- occur. The pituitary hormone ACTH may be undetectable in blood tests, and
- the level of the hormone cortisol is abnormally low. Concentration of the
- adrenal cortex hormones 17-hydroxy- and 17-ketosteroid, are also abnormally
- low in the urine. Some adrenal hormones which are decreased are precursors
- of male sex hormones and are also known as "androgens".
-
- Although males with this disorder usually have a normal hair pattern,
- females have very little pubic and underarm (axillary) hair. Skin
- pigmentation is decreased in most cases, but may be normal or increased in
- others. Emotional symptoms may range from depression to psychosis.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of ACTH Deficiency is unknown. A defect in the brain's
- hypothalamus or in the pituitary gland may cause the deficiency.
- Underproduction of ACTH causes the adrenal cortex to produce insufficient
- levels of hormones, which thus causes the symptoms.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Symptoms of ACTH Deficiency usually only occur in adults, but the disorder
- may be diagnosed biochemically in infancy. The disorder affects males and
- females in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders may be similar to those of ACTH
- Deficiency. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of disorders resulting
- from defective synthesis of the corticosteroid hormones of the adrenal gland.
- The adrenal gland becomes enlarged. The adrenal gland produces "male" sex
- hormones (androgens) in both males and females because these are overproduced
- in certain forms of CAH. The external genitals of some females with this
- disorder become masculinized to various degrees. Lack of glucocorticoids,
- especially cortisol, causes various metabolic problems. Lack of
- mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone, causes salt and water imbalances
- which may be life threatening. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "Adrenal Hyperplasia" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- Addison's Disease (primary adrenal insufficiency) usually develops later
- in life. It is characterized by chronic diminished adrenocortical function.
- The resulting deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids cause
- weakness, low resistance to physiological stress, metabolic abnormalities,
- and circulatory insufficiency. Many Addison's patients have sufficient
- levels of these corticosteroids to permit adequate functioning under normal
- circumstances. Even mild physiologic stress, however, can precipitate an
- Addisonian crisis consisting of circulatory collapse and, if untreated,
- death. With replacement of the essential adrenal hormones, Addison's
- patients can lead a normal life. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "Addison" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency results from insufficient production or
- release of the pituitary hormone ACTH. It may be caused by prolonged
- corticosteroid therapy. ACTH production doesn't return to normal for several
- months after completion of the therapy. Cancers such as adenomas and
- granulomas of the pituitary gland and subsequent tissue death (necrosis) of
- this gland after a pregnancy also may cause adrenal insufficiency.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of ACTH Deficiency consists of replacement of the hormone either
- with cortisone or synthetic ACTH. With therapy, patients with ACTH
- Deficiency can lead a normal life.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through June
- 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on ACTH Deficiency, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The National Adrenal Diseases Foundation
- 505 Northern Blvd., Suite 200
- Great Neck, NY 11021
- (516) 487-4992
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-6344
-
- The Endocrine Society
- 9650 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20205
- (301) 530-9660
-
- References
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd ed.: Jay H. Stein, et al., eds.; Little, Brown, 1987.
- P. 1899.
-
-